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Bit by Bit

Is there a fundamental set of equations to explain how plants and animals arise
and die? Is there a formula for creating the Grand Canyon? Does law and order
have to be forcibly imposed from the outside or can it naturally arise from within
a system? Just one law too many can cause a system to be overly constrained
and unable to maximize its potential. Which laws are necessary to give a country
vitality and stability? For guidance, why not take a a few pages from Nature's
books? In 1985, Stephen Hawking let the general public know that it was his
educated guess that our entire universe had no need for a creator to bring it
into existence! Hawking was ready to throw out our celestial monarch just as
common men and women have dismissed earthly monarchs for generations.
The ancient taoists were among the first to suggest that rulers take a hands
off approach and simply let things be. "Practice not doing and everything will
fall into place." In their wisdom the Taoists knew that graceful and complex
orders can naturally arise from the simple steps of ordinary people. They
gave everything an equal democratic footing and and had no need for
artificial hierarchies.

There are perennial questions here concerning the proper role of governments,
celestial or earthly. There has been  much debate in the fertile middle ground between
monarchy and anarchy concerning what needs to be regulated and how. The idea
here is to entertain  the possibility that fantastic structures can come into existence
without a pre-established law or plan.

Modern and some ancient theories concerning our world can be more
complicated than the world they describe! Why should one adhere to
a belief system that is stranger than the real world? Our rich, beautiful
and sometimes terrifying world can be derived without invoking a pantheon
of gods or for that matter anything supernatural. Rare and extraordinary events
can have ordinary trivial seeming causes. This claim, of course, needs to be
demonstrated and proved or it is just another grandiose statement.

A scheme that attempts to describe the world by positing cosmic laws or a
law-giver is at risk of assuming the pre-existence of things more difficult to
understand than the world itself. According to Occam's Razor, a proper theory
should not introduce additional mysteries in an attempt to solve a problem.
Occam's Razor cannot always be applied. In mathematics, there are some simple
questions with very complicated answers that involve the creation of entire fields
of research. So perhaps only a complex theory can begin to do justice to the
complexities of life.

There is evidence however, to the contrary. Complex phenomena can be generated
from very simple and localized interactions. From Darwin's blind watchmaker and
Adam Smith's invisible hand, advanced communities and civilizations can arise with
no central planning whatsoever. The complexity emerges from thousands of trivial-
seeming steps. One can test this sparse idea by running simulations of the real world
on a computer. Programmers have learned that tiny and meaningless algorithms can
by themselves generate intricate and (to some people) beautiful designs. One can play
with a few lines of code and cause drastic changes in the results. A little tweaking
here and there can make virtual civilizations rise and fall.

Although these simulations are in effect just toys, they create the suspicion that
many of our approaches to answering the big why questions are top heavy with
unnecessary assumptions. If one can be more economical in one's thinking and
let go of excessive baggage, than why not travel lighter. Why make life more
complicated than it already is? We live in a rich and delicately interconnected
world. Could all of this complexity have arisen from simple idiotic steps? One
can test this hypothesis by letting a computer unconsciously take all of the idiotic
steps. With all of the cheap and powerful computers now available, variants of
this hypothesis have been test driven billions of times. A tiny piece of computer
code, an algorithm for a trivial seeming task, is allowed to work on a simple
initial state over and over until a history has been built up from thousands of
almost identical steps. The patterns or designs that are generated are not explicitly
stated in the original program. If a complex form emerges, its cause is nowhere
to be found. The form has arisen from almost nothing, a meaningless algorithm.

From a mindless algorithm, one can create a world that looks like it has an
intelligent plan. For an in depth 992-page cookbook for creating such worlds,
explore the soon-to-be-released book by Stephen Wolfram titled A New Kind
of Science. It is written by the creator of Mathematica, a program that breaks
down intractable-seeming higher mathematics into trivial steps. From the outside,
Mathematica looks like a pre-eminent work of genius. From the inside, it is a
business that has created and sold millions of copies of its expensive program
to academics that could not imagine such a product being possible (especially
from a private business). For Stephen Wolfram, it is proof that marvelous living
and breathing things can result from thousands of little steps. Persistence pays.

Look back on one of your more productive days and ask yourself, what is the
hardest thing you did that day. Wasn't it something that for you was quite easy?
Wasn't the whole day comprised of lots of easy steps, albeit, thousands of them?
The hardest step might have been a particular decision, or dealing with indecision.
Perhaps you prayed for advise, or simply put your problem in God's hands.
No worries!

Each day there are tasks to do, usually too many, but individually they are easy
if they are broken down into small steps. The tasks that are already laid out can
be managed; the tasks that are undecided pose a distinct challenge. This is where
you get to exercise your free will and assert yourself and be who you really are.
What could be simpler? The hardest thing we do is live with our decisions and
the decisions of others. With each decision, a choice is made to take a step, to act.
From that juncture, thousands of more steps are taken to carry us to a plateau that
was once unimaginable. To reach these new levels, one simply has to act with a
resolute faith that tiny and tenacious steps can lead to great results. The new
horizons need not be completely thought out in advance. They don't have to be
built into the program.

Where does inspiration fit in this, the moments of "aha", the light bulbs? Inspiration
is a memory. It is how we choose to package a string of events. What seems like
inspiration or a miracle to one person is to someone else hard work or even just play.
From hard work and play, the seven man-made wonders of the of the ancient world
were built, bit by bit.. How about natural wonders, like geese flocking thousands
of miles. How can such a pattern come into existence? From hard work and play
is the answer, from taking survival seriously, but not too seriously, one wing beat
at a time. The migratory patterns come into being through millions of very short range
actions taken with scarcely a thought towards the big picture. If tiny gnats can swarm
about without bumping into each other, then why shouldn't a flock of geese be able
to hold a formation without a formal leader. Ditto for many of our own social patterns.
They can come into being and thrive with much less government intervention than we
might think. There is no need to assume that natural phenomena are created from a
different set of principles than man-made phenomena.

Today we know that colossal man-made monuments, machines and structures can be
built from thousands of careful steps. Our awareness of the hard work, training and
preparation that goes into a project or a work of art adds to our appreciation of the
wonder that is created. In our assessment of natural wonders, we are not so perceptive
of their history and origin. Supernatural schemes are invented to explain what is
natural because one cannot think of any rational or simple way in which our marvel
rich world could have come into being. Who but God could make the first flower?
Who but God could have destined the United States of America? We presume that
the answers to big why questions hinge on vast and all-powerful cosmic principles,
equations and laws ordained by God or gods, or by necessity, or worse by fiat in a
smoke filled room of conspirators.

Often there  is a schism in people's minds between the man-made world and the natural
world, as though they had separate origins. A butterfly is divine, a concrete drive is artificial.
Nature reveals the glory of God, whereas unregulated capitalism is unnatural and amoral.
The split between what is natural and what is artificial is ill founded.. Where do we draw
the line between what is artificial and what is natural? Can one really leave nature and
later "go back to nature"?

What if the same secret could cause the formation of a new flower, or a work of art,
or the construction of a bridge? From a distance, a perfect sunset, a successful business
or a happy marriage can all seem to be imbued with something magical and supernatural.
Where is the real magic? A careful inspection of these wonders could show us that each
of them is created from thousands of trivial seeming steps. "The devil is in the details".
"A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step". "One small step for man, a
giant leap for mankind". We have all heard these sayings. We know they are true. But
then we tend to forget them and go back to imagining schemes and miracles. Why?

First of all, it is sometimes hard to swallow the Puritan work ethic. Hard work
hurts and our bodies rebel it (although an indolent lifestyle can do one's body
even more harm). The second reason is that is often incomprehensible that entirely
new and amazing things can come from ordinary events and people. We can't imagine
that our little steps can bring us to new horizons, or in other cases, wreck havoc for
generations to come. It is sometimes hard to realize that tiny and unnoticed missteps
can be the cause of an immense tragedy. We rather invent elaborate excuses and
scapegoats.

When the physicist Murray Gell-Mann was asked what he thought was the most
important discovery over the last 1000 years, he emphatically stated that it was
our discovery of tools for eliminating superstitions. When our  false notions have
been swept away, the real magic that needs no magic becomes obvious. When the
power of tiny and persistent steps is properly harnessed, it can carry us over hills
and into a new valleys were we can laugh and say, "It never had to be so hard".
Complex world's can be generated from thousands of unorganized steps.
Just do them and be patient. Paths are made by walking. Trust in the magic
without magic.

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